ABU ALI HASAN IBN AL-HAITHAM (965-1040 C.E.)

Abu Ali Hasan Ibn al-Haitham was one of the most eminent physicists, whose contributions to optics and the scientific methods are spectacular. renowned in the West as Alhazen, Ibn al-Haitham was born in 965 C.E. in Basrah, and was educated in Basrah and Baghdad. then, he went to Egypt, where he was asked to find ways of commanding the flood of the Nile. Being failed in this, he pretended madness until the death of Caliph al-Hakim. He furthermore traveled to Spain and, throughout this time span, he had ample time for his scientific pursuits, which encompassed optics, mathematics, physics, surgery and development of technical procedures on each of which he has left some spectacular books.

He made a methodical written test of the route of light through diverse newspapers and found out the laws of refraction. He furthermore carried out the first experiments on the dispersion of lightweight into its constituent colors. His book Kitab-al-Manadhir was converted into Latin in the Middle Ages, as furthermore his publication dealing with the colors of sunset. He administered at length with the idea of diverse physical phenomena like shaded, eclipses, the rainbow, and speculated on the physical environment of light. He is the first to recount accurately the diverse components of the eye and give a scientific interpretation of the method of vision. He also tried to explain binocular dream, and provided a correct interpretation of the clear-cut boost in dimensions of the sun and the moon when near the horizon. He is renowned for the earliest use of the camera obscura. He contradicted Ptolemy’s and Euclid’s theory of dream that objects are glimpsed by rays of lightweight emanating from the eyes; according to him the rays originate in the object of dream and not in the eye. Through these comprehensive researches on optics, he has been considered as the dad of up to date Optics.

The Latin transformation of his main work, Kitab-al-Manadhir, used a large leverage upon Western research e.g. on the work of Roger Bacon and Kepler. It conveyed about a great progress in experimental procedures. His research in catoptrics middled on spherical and parabolic reflectors and spherical aberration. He made the important fact that the ratio between the bend of incidence and refraction does not remain constant and enquired the magnifying power of a lens. His catoptrics contain the important difficulty renowned as Alhazen’s difficulty. It comprises drawing lines from two points in the plane of a around meeting at a issue on the circumference and making identical angles with the usual at that issue. This leads to an formula of the fourth degree.

In his book Mizan al-Hikmah Ibn al-Haitham has considered the density of the air and developed a relative between it and the height. He furthermore investigated atmospheric refraction. He found out that the twilight only ceases or starts when the sun is 19° below the horizon and tried to measure the size of the atmosphere on that cornerstone. He has furthermore considered the theories of attraction between masses, and it appears that he was cognizant of the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity.

His contribution to numbers and physics was extensive. In numbers, he developed analytical geometry by setting up linkage between algebra and geometry. He investigated the mechanics of shift of a body and was the first to maintain that a body moves perpetually unless an external force stops it or alterations its direction of shift. This would appear matching to the first regulation of shift.

The register of his publications sprints to 200 or so, very few of which have endured. Even his monumental treatise on optics endured through its Latin translation. throughout the Middle Ages his publications on cosmology were converted into Latin, Hebrew and other languages. He has furthermore in writing on the subject of evolution a book that warrants grave vigilance even today.

In his writing, one can glimpse a clear development of the technical methods as evolved and directed by the Muslims and comprising the methodical fact of physical phenomena and their linking simultaneously into a technical idea. This was a foremost breakthrough in scientific methodology, as distinct from guess and sign, and put technical pursuits on a sound base comprising methodical relationship between fact, hypothesis and verification.

Ibn al-Haitham’s influence on physical sciences in general, and optics in specific, has been held in high esteem and, in detail, it ushered in a new era in optical study, both in idea and practice.

Kratka pojašnjenja : "Islam je sastavljen od pet stvari: šehadeta i svjedočenja da nema drugog boga osim Allaha – la ilahe illalah, i da je Muhammed Allahov Poslanik – Muhammedun Resulullah, od klanjanja namaza, davanja zekata, obavljanja hadždža i posta mjeseca ramazana!". Klanjanje namaza, Namaz - molitva Allahu dž.š. Zekjat - 2.5% od imovine koja se ne koristi (zlato, novac, nekretnine) koju svaki Musliman izdvaja godišnje za pomoć siromašnima. Hadždž - vjerski obred koji vrši onaj ko može najmanje jednom u životu. Post - proces čuvanja tijela od grijeha, vode i hrane tokom mjeseca Ramazana. Ramazan - mjesec u Islamskom kalendaru u kome je početo objavljivanje Kur'an-a. Islamski kalendar se mjeri Mjesečevom-Lunarnom godinom. Hadis- predanje koje se prenosi od poslanika Muhameda s.a.w.s. Buhari, Muslim dva najpoznatija verodostojna sakupljača i objavljivača Hadisa. Za više pročitajte : šta je islam